diff --git a/src/con_duct/_sampling.py b/src/con_duct/_sampling.py
index eac832ce..caa90517 100644
--- a/src/con_duct/_sampling.py
+++ b/src/con_duct/_sampling.py
@@ -7,11 +7,22 @@
 import os
 import platform
 import subprocess
+import sys
 from typing import Callable, Optional
 from con_duct._models import Averages, ProcessStats, Sample
 
 SYSTEM = platform.system()
 
+_SUPPORTED_SYSTEMS = {"Linux", "Darwin"}
+if SYSTEM not in _SUPPORTED_SYSTEMS:
+    sys.tracebacklimit = 0
+    message = (
+        f"`con_duct` does not currently support the detected operating system ({SYSTEM}).\n\n"
+        "If you would like to request support, please open an issue at: "
+        "https://github.com/con/duct/issues/new"
+    )
+    raise NotImplementedError(message)
+
 lgr = logging.getLogger("con-duct")
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_windows.py b/test/test_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5352e3f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+import importlib
+import sys
+from typing import Generator
+from unittest import mock
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def _reload_sampling() -> Generator:
+    """Ensure _sampling module is restored after tests that reload it."""
+    import con_duct._sampling as mod
+
+    yield
+    if hasattr(sys, "tracebacklimit"):
+        del sys.tracebacklimit
+    importlib.reload(mod)
+
+
+@mock.patch("platform.system", return_value="Windows")
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_reload_sampling")
+def test_unsupported_system_raises(_mock_system: mock.MagicMock) -> None:
+    import con_duct._sampling as mod
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        NotImplementedError, match="does not currently support.*Windows"
+    ):
+        importlib.reload(mod)